These are common Git commands used in various situations:
start a working area (see also: git help tutorial) clone Clone a repository into a new directory #将存储库克隆到新目录中 # 创建空的Git存储库或重新初始化现有存储库 init Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
work on the current change (see also: git help everyday) add Add file contents to the index # 移动或重命名文件、目录或符号链接 mv Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink restore Restore working tree files # 从工作树和索引中删除文件 rm Remove files from the working tree and from the index
examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions) bisect Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug diff Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc grep Print lines matching a pattern log Show commit logs show Show various types of objects status Show the working tree status
grow, mark and tweak your common history branch List, create, or delete branches commit Record changes to the repository merge Join two or more development histories together rebase Reapply commits on top of another base tip reset Reset current HEAD to the specified state switch Switch branches tag Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
collaborate (see also: git help workflows) fetch Download objects and refs from another repository pull Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch push Update remote refs along with associated objects
'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>' to read about a specific subcommand or concept. See 'git help git'for an overview of the system.
PS D:\desktop> git help -g The Git concept guides are: attributes Defining attributes per path cli Git command-line interface and conventions core-tutorial A Git core tutorial for developers credentials Providing usernames and passwords to Git cvs-migration Git for CVS users diffcore Tweaking diff output everyday A useful minimum set of commands for Everyday Git faq Frequently asked questions about using Git glossary A Git Glossary hooks Hooks used by Git ignore Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore mailmap Map author/committer names and/or E-Mail addresses modules Defining submodule properties namespaces Git namespaces remote-helpers Helper programs to interact with remote repositories repository-layout Git Repository Layout revisions Specifying revisions and ranges for Git submodules Mounting one repository inside another tutorial A tutorial introduction to Git tutorial-2 A tutorial introduction to Git: part two workflows An overview of recommended workflows with Git
PS D:\desktop> git help -a See 'git help <command>' to read about a specific subcommand
Main Porcelain Commands add Add file contents to the index am Apply a series of patches from a mailbox archive Create an archive of files from a named tree bisect Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug branch List, create, or delete branches bundle Move objects and refs by archive checkout Switch branches or restore working tree files cherry-pick Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits citool Graphical alternative to git-commit clean Remove untracked files from the working tree clone Clone a repository into a new directory commit Record changes to the repository describe Give an object a human readable name based on an available ref diff Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc fetch Download objects and refs from another repository format-patch Prepare patches for e-mail submission gc Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository gitk The Git repository browser grep Print lines matching a pattern gui A portable graphical interface to Git init Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one log Show commit logs maintenance Run tasks to optimize Git repository data merge Join two or more development histories together mv Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink notes Add or inspect object notes pull Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch push Update remote refs along with associated objects range-diff Compare two commit ranges (e.g. two versions of a branch) rebase Reapply commits on top of another base tip reset Reset current HEAD to the specified state restore Restore working tree files revert Revert some existing commits rm Remove files from the working tree and from the index shortlog Summarize 'git log' output show Show various types of objects sparse-checkout Reduce your working tree to a subset of tracked files stash Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away status Show the working tree status submodule Initialize, update or inspect submodules switch Switch branches tag Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG worktree Manage multiple working trees
Ancillary Commands / Manipulators config Get and set repository or global options fast-export Git data exporter fast-import Backend for fast Git data importers filter-branch Rewrite branches mergetool Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts pack-refs Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access prune Prune all unreachable objects from the object database reflog Manage reflog information remote Manage set of tracked repositories repack Pack unpacked objects in a repository replace Create, list, delete refs to replace objects
Ancillary Commands / Interrogators annotate Annotate file lines with commit information blame Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file bugreport Collect information for user to file a bug report count-objects Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption difftool Show changes using common diff tools fsck Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database gitweb Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories) help Display help information about Git instaweb Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb merge-tree Show three-way merge without touching index rerere Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges show-branch Show branches and their commits verify-commit Check the GPG signature of commits verify-tag Check the GPG signature of tags whatchanged Show logs with difference each commit introduces
Interacting with Others archimport Import a GNU Arch repository into Git cvsexportcommit Export a single commit to a CVS checkout cvsimport Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate cvsserver A CVS server emulator for Git imap-send Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder p4 Import from and submit to Perforce repositories quiltimport Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch request-pull Generates a summary of pending changes send-email Send a collection of patches as emails svn Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git
Low-level Commands / Manipulators apply Apply a patch to files and/or to the index checkout-index Copy files from the index to the working tree commit-graph Write and verify Git commit-graph files commit-tree Create a new commit object hash-object Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file index-pack Build pack index file for an existing packed archive merge-file Run a three-way file merge merge-index Run a merge for files needing merging mktag Creates a tag object with extra validation mktree Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text multi-pack-index Write and verify multi-pack-indexes pack-objects Create a packed archive of objects prune-packed Remove extra objects that are already in pack files read-tree Reads tree information into the index symbolic-ref Read, modify and delete symbolic refs unpack-objects Unpack objects from a packed archive update-index Register file contents in the working tree to the index update-ref Update the object name stored in a ref safely write-tree Create a tree object from the current index
Low-level Commands / Interrogators cat-file Provide content or type and size information for repository objects cherry Find commits yet to be applied to upstream diff-files Compares files in the working tree and the index diff-index Compare a tree to the working tree or index diff-tree Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects for-each-ref Output information on each ref for-each-repo Run a Git command on a list of repositories get-tar-commit-id Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-archive ls-files Show information about files in the index and the working tree ls-remote List references in a remote repository ls-tree List the contents of a tree object merge-base Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge name-rev Find symbolic names for given revs pack-redundant Find redundant pack files rev-list Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order rev-parse Pick out and massage parameters show-index Show packed archive index show-ref List references in a local repository unpack-file Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents var Show a Git logical variable verify-pack Validate packed Git archive files Low-level Commands / Syncing Repositories daemon A really simple server for Git repositories fetch-pack Receive missing objects from another repository http-backend Server side implementation of Git over HTTP send-pack Push objects over Git protocol to another repository update-server-info Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers Low-level Commands / Internal Helpers check-attr Display gitattributes information check-ignore Debug gitignore / exclude files check-mailmap Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts check-ref-format Ensures that a reference name is well formed column Display data in columns credential Retrieve and store user credentials credential-cache Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory credential-store Helper to store credentials on disk fmt-merge-msg Produce a merge commit message hook Run git hooks interpret-trailers Add or parse structured information in commit messages mailinfo Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message mailsplit Simple UNIX mbox splitter program merge-one-file The standard helper program to use with git-merge-index patch-id Compute unique ID for a patch sh-i18n Git's i18n setup code for shell scripts sh-setup Common Git shell script setup code stripspace Remove unnecessary whitespace
PS D:\desktop\web小案例\git-study> git status On branch master
No commits yet
Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) .gitignore .vscode/ README.md index.html package-lock.json package.json postcss.config.cjs public/ src/ tailwind.config.cjs tsconfig.json tsconfig.node.json vite.config.ts
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) PS D:\desktop\web小案例\git-study>
Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree since <commit> are discarded. Any untracked files or directories in the way of writing any tracked files are simply deleted.
PS D:\desktop\web小案例\git-study> git merge dev Auto-merging README.md CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in README.md # 自动合并失败；请修复冲突，然后提交结果。 Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
# 将当前分支更改为与远程分支名相同的名 PS D:\desktop\web小案例\git-study> git branch -M main # 推送 PS D:\desktop\web小案例\git-study> git push -u github main git: 'credential-manager' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.
The most similar command is credential-manager-core Enumerating objects: 37, done. Counting objects: 100% (37/37), done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads Compressing objects: 100% (31/31), done. Writing objects: 100% (37/37), 39.27 KiB | 3.27 MiB/s, done. Total 37 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (5/5), done. To https://github.com/tiam-bloom/git-study.git * [new branch] main -> main branch 'main'set up to track 'github/main'.
fatal: unable to access 'xxx': OpenSSL SSL_read: Connection was reset, errno 10054 fatal: unable to access 'xxx': Failed to connect to github.com port 443 after 21060 ms: Timed out PS D:\desktop\web小案例\git-study> git push -u https://github.com/tiam-bloom/git-study.git main fatal: unable to access 'xxx': Failed to connect to github.com port 443 after 21118 ms: Timed out PS D:\desktop\web小案例\git-study> git push -u https://github.com/tiam-bloom/git-study.git main fatal: unable to access 'xxx': Failed to connect to github.com port 443 after 21062 ms: Timed out PS D:\desktop\web小案例\git-study> git push -u https://github.com/tiam-bloom/git-study.git main
